India, with its 22 official languages and hundreds of dialects, is a living archive of diverse cultures, stories, and histories. In such a multilingual nation, translation is not just about converting words from one language to another — it’s about bridging worlds, preserving heritage, and enabling cross-cultural dialogue. From ancient Sanskrit texts like the Vedas to regional epics and modern literature, translation has played a key role in shaping Indian knowledge systems. Movements like Bhakti and Sufism spread across regions precisely because their messages were translated into local languages, making profound spiritual and philosophical ideas accessible to all. Translation in India is deeply tied to identity, caste, class, and gender. For example, Dalit and tribal literatures bring forward raw, lived experiences that often resist easy translation. Works like Omprakash Valmiki’s Joothan, when translated into English, challenge readers to confront caste realities that are ofte...